Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is a condition affecting the gums that is caused by a bacterial infection resulting in a periodontal (gum) disease. But unlike other forms, it typically develops quickly and causes moderate to severe pain.
“Necrotizing” means that the condition destroys tissue. “Ulcerative” refers to sores that can appear on the gums. This condition used to be known as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) and Vincent’s disease, among other names. It was known as trench mouth because many soldiers in the trenches suffered from it.
Stress and heavy smoking are probably the factors that most increase risk for NUG. Some studies have found that NUG is common in students during exam periods. Stress may cause certain changes in the body’s ability to deal with the bacterial infection that causes NUG.
Besides stress and smoking, other factors can increase your risk for NUG:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Poor nutrition
- Infections of the mouth or throat
- A weakened immune system
- Red, swollen gums that are painful even if no pressure is placed on them
- Gums that bleed easily
- Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
- A gray film on the gums
- Sores (ulcers) on the gums
- Sore throat
- Fever (not often)
- Swollen glands in the neck
- Keeping the area clean at home
- Rinsing with warm salt water
- Using a prescription antibacterial mouthwash containing chlorhexidine
- Avoiding tobacco and alcohol
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